A PC's hardware is divided into several categories, called "components." Each component is responsible for a different task.
The most important component is the central processing unit, or CPU. The CPU is responsible for running programs. The next most important component is the graphics processing unit, or GPU. The GPU is responsible for displaying graphics.
Other important components include the random access memory, or RAM, which is used to store data temporarily, and the storage drive, which is used to store data permanently.
Some PC components can be upgraded, such as the RAM and the storage drive. Others, such as the CPU and the GPU, are not upgradable.
PCs are also equipped with a number of ports and connectors, which allow them to connect to other devices. These include the display port, which is used to connect to a monitor, and the USB port, which is used to connect to other devices, such as a keyboard, a mouse, or a printer.